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Tensor (intrinsic definition) : ウィキペディア英語版
Tensor (intrinsic definition)

In mathematics, the modern component-free approach to the theory of a tensor views a tensor as an abstract object, expressing some definite type of multi-linear concept. Their well-known properties can be derived from their definitions, as linear maps or more generally; and the rules for manipulations of tensors arise as an extension of linear algebra to multilinear algebra.
In differential geometry an intrinsic geometric statement may be described by a tensor field on a manifold, and then doesn't need to make reference to coordinates at all. The same is true in general relativity, of tensor fields describing a physical property. The component-free approach is also used heavily in abstract algebra and homological algebra, where tensors arise naturally.
:''Note: This article assumes an understanding of the tensor product of vector spaces without chosen bases. An overview of the subject can be found in the main tensor article.
==Definition via tensor products of vector spaces==

Given a finite set of vector spaces over a common field ''F'', one may form their tensor product ''V''1 ⊗ ... ⊗ ''V''n, an element of which is termed a tensor.
A tensor on the vector space ''V'' is then defined to be an element of (i.e., a vector in) a vector space of the form:
:V \otimes \cdots \otimes V \otimes V^
* \otimes \cdots \otimes V^
*
where ''V''
* is the dual space of ''V''.
If there are ''m'' copies of ''V'' and ''n'' copies of ''V''
* in our product, the tensor is said to be of type (''m'', ''n'') and contravariant of order ''m'' and covariant order ''n'' and total order ''m''+''n''. The tensors of order zero are just the scalars (elements of the field ''F''), those of contravariant order 1 are the vectors in ''V'', and those of covariant order 1 are the one-forms in ''V''
* (for this reason the last two spaces are often called the contravariant and covariant vectors). The space of all tensors of type (''m'',''n'') is denoted
: T^m_n(V) = \underbrace_ \otimes \underbrace_ .
The (1,1) tensors
:V \otimes V^
*
are isomorphic in a natural way to the space of linear transformations from ''V'' to ''V''. A bilinear form on a real vector space ''V''; ''V'' × ''V'' → R corresponds in a natural way to a (0,2) tensor in
:V^
* \otimes V^
*
termed the associated ''metric tensor'' (or sometimes misleadingly the ''metric'' or ''inner product'') and usually denoted ''g''.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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